the relationship between the price of Oil and the level of economic activity is a fundamental empirical issue in macroeconomics. In this research, by using a multivariate GARCH-in-Mean VAR, we try to investigate direct effects of uncertainty of Oil price on macroeconomics of Iran by using annually data from 1965 to 2013. Results show that uncertainty about Oil prices had a negative and significant effect on real output in our sample.

The process of increases global Oil and food prices in recent years is concerned economists to examine the relationship between these variables. The main objective of this paper is to determine the impact of Oil price on food prices index during the period 1990-2011 under uncertainty condition. For this purpose, first based on Alghalit (2010) empirical study and microeconomic foundations, the model has been designed between Oil and food prices under uncertainty condition for Iranian Economy. Then, coefficients of this model are estimated by using the nonlinear least squares (NLS) econometric approach. The results indicated a positive but few impact of expected crude Oil prices and it's uncertainty on the expected food price index that can be result the payment of government subsidies to the energy sector. So that with increase (decrease) 10 units (dollar) in the expected price of crude Oil and its volatility, increases (decreases) the expected food price index respectively about 1.4 and 0.8 unit. According to the other results, with increase in supply and export of crude Oil, expected food prices are decrease.

This study investigated the asymmetric effects of Oil price shocks, it's uncertainty and economic sanctions on economic growth and inflation in Iran. For this purpose, annual data 1979-2019 and nonlinear auto-regressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach has been used. Furthermore, two models have been estimated. The first model the asymmetric effects of Oil price shocks, it's uncertainty and economic sanctions on economic growth, the second model those variables on inflation are examined. The results of estimating the first model indicate that, positive Oil price logarithm shock (LOil_POS) has a positive effect and negative shock (LOil_NEG) has a negative effect on economic growth. In addition, the effect of uncertainty on Oil price, economic sanctions, labor, government spending and exchange rates on economic growth is negative and significant, and capital stock has a positive and significant effect on it. The results of second model, show that a LOil_POS has a negative effect and a LOil_NEG has a positive effect on inflation. In addition, economic sanctions, trade liberalization and government spending have a positive and significant effect on inflation. The effect of Oil price uncertainty and the logarithm of GDP on inflation is negative and significant. Wald test show that the effects of Oil price shocks on economic growth and inflation is asymmetric both in the short (at the 10% level) and long run.

Sharp increase in Oil price and the volatility in recent decades have attracted most researchers towards the field of energy. It seems not only the direct Oil price, but also the uncertainty caused by the Oil price volatility affect the raw Oil supp ly. In this research the effect of Oil price volatility on Oil supply has been estimated using monthly time series data from January 1980 to September 2007 for Iran, Saudi Arabia, Libya and Nigeria, and the monthly data from March 1981 to September 2007 for UK. Fist, applying GARCH the uncertainty from real Oil price volatility is estimated, and then the long run coefficients are obtained using ARDL. The results indicate that the effect has been positive and significant in Saudi Arabia and Libya, but negative and significant in UK, while it was insignificant in Iran and Nigeria. This shows that the effect of Oil price uncertainty on the Oil supply depends on the shape of the utility function.

This paper argues Oil price uncertainty effects on industrial, service and building sectors in Iranian economy. We discuss in detail the internal and external related research to conclude a model. The GARCH method is used to measure Oil price uncertainty, and its effects on the Iranian economy sectors are estimated by OLS. All the estimated coefficients had their expected signs and Oil price uncertainty effects on the Iranian economic sectors (industry, service and building) are negative. Research findings reveal that the policy makers should take Oil price uncertainty into account to protect economic sectors against international shocks through Oil price fluctuations.

Unemployment rate, as an important economic indicator, has always been one of the main issues of policymakers and economists. Various factors affect the unemployment rate. Considering the economic conditions of Iran as an Oil exporting country the purpose of this study is to investigate the asymmetric effects of Oil price, Oil price uncertainty and interest rate on unemployment in Iran using seasonal data, during the period from 1382: 1 to 1399: 4. In this regard, using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag method (NARDL), the relationship between variables has been investigated. The results show that the effect of positive and negative changes in Oil prices and interest rates on the unemployment rate is asymmetric, but the effect of positive and negative changes in the Oil price uncertainty variable on the unemployment rate is symmetric.

The main objective of this study is investigating of the simultaneous Effect of Oil price uncertainty and Gold price uncertainty on Tehran Stock market Index: An application of three-Variate GARCH Model over the period of 2007-2014.This study uses the daily data. In this regard, to investigate stationarity Properties of variabls, ADF unit root test and testing for ARCH Effect, LM test have been used. More over, to investigate the simultaneous Effect of Oil price uncertainty and Gold price uncertainty on Tehran stock market Index, the Three-Variate GARCH Model using BEKK approach is estimated with S-Plus Software. The result show that between Oil price Uncertaity and Tehran stock market Index no significant relationship exist whereas Gold price uncertainty has a significant negative effect on stock Exchange Index of Tehran Stock market Index.

International reserves directly used for financing of balance of payments deficit and adjustment of the foreign exchange market disequilibrium. On the other hand, specific economic conditions of OPEC countries such as economic dependence on Oil revenues, the lack of suitable flexibility in exchange rate regime and also Oil shocks during recent decades, lead to effect of Oil price volatility on international reserves in these countries. Hence, due to the important role of international reserves in economies and also the economic situation of OPEC countries, in this study by using mercantilist approach, the determinants of international reserves in OPEC countries have been evaluated with emphasizing on Oil price uncertainty by using panel data method during 1980-2015. According to the results, moving average of real export revenue, the difference between domestic and international real interest rate, gross domestic product per capita, exchange rate regime index, trade openness, net barter terms of trade index, short-term external debt, capital account liberalization index, Oil price uncertainty, positive and negative shocks of Oil price have been known as determinants of international reserves.

Oil prices and their uncertainties significantly impact the economies and financial markets of nations, influencing the cash reserves held by companies. Given the pivotal role of the chemical products industry has an important role in economic development and is also affected by other markets such as the Oil market, this study aims to to investigate the effect of Brent Oil price uncertainty on the cash holding of the chemical products group in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2010-2019. The research modeling is based on dynamic panel models and Oil price uncertainty is computed through the GARCH method, while the relationships between variables are estimated using the Generalized method of moments (GMM) technique in two steps. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between Oil price uncertainty and cash holdings during the period under review. In addition, the effect of control variables such as financial leverage, cash flow, size, capital expenditures, liquidity, stock return, and return of assets is positive, and the effect of total debt, value added of industry, and interest rates on the cash is negative.